Novel Amides Derivative with Antimicrobial Activity of Piper betle var. nigra Leaves from Indonesia

Abstract

Piper betle var. nigra is a tropical plant closely related to the common piper. P. betle has also been dubbed a promising source of natural antioxidants in herbal health products, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60, and antileishmanial. The aim of this study to observation Antimicrobial activity and isolation of chemical compound. The antimicrobial activity of P. betle extract was performed by well diffusion method against two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) and opportunistic pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). The inoculum (bacterial and yeast suspension) was prepared from a 24-h culture on NB for bacterial suspension and on TSB for yeast suspension. Extraction and isolation using various method of chromatography. Isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means. Our study showed antimicrobial activity from crude ethanol extract of leaves P. betle L. var. nigra against two oral pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic yeast with concentration 0.5% and 1%. The first report of two new amides derivatives, piperenamide A (1) and piperenamide B (2) in P. betle L. var. nigra.

Keywords: Candida albicans; Piper betle var. nigra; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguinis; piperenamide A; piperenamide B.

Figure 1

Antimicrobial activity of Piper betle var. nigra extract. (A) Antifungal activity against Candida albicans; (B) Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans; (C) Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus sanguinis. 1 (concentration of 1%); 2 (concentration of 0.5%).

Figure 2

Structures of piperenamide A-B (1–2).

Figure 3

Selected HMBC and COSY correlations for piperenamide A-B (1–2).