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. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):154.
doi: 10.3390/ani11010154.

The Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Hatcheries and Dissemination in an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation in Korea

Ke Shang  1 , Bai Wei  1 , Se-Yeoun Cha  1 , Jun-Feng Zhang  1 , Jong-Yeol Park  1 , Yea-Jin Lee  1 , Hyung-Kwan Jang  1   2 , Min Kang  1   2
Affiliations

The Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Hatcheries and Dissemination in an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation in Korea

Ke Shang et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Positive identification rates of Salmonella enterica in hatcheries and upstream breeder farms were 16.4% (36/220) and 3.0% (6/200), respectively. Among the Salmonella serovars identified in the hatcheries, S. enterica ser. Albany (17/36, 47.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by the serovars S. enterica ser. Montevideo (11/36, 30.6%) and S. enterica ser. Senftenberg (5/36, 13.9%), which were also predominant. Thirty-six isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested, of which 52.8% (n = 19) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Thirty-three isolates (enrofloxacin, MIC ≥ 0.25) showed point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. One isolate, S. enterica ser. Virchow, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene from the breeder farm was ceftiofur resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 52.0% S. enterica ser. Montevideo and 29.6% S. enterica ser. Albany isolates sourced from the downstream of hatcheries along the broiler chicken supply chain carried the same PFGE types as those of the hatcheries. Thus, the hatcheries showed a high prevalence of Salmonella isolates with high antimicrobial resistance and no susceptible isolate. The AMR isolates from hatcheries originating from breeder farms could disseminate to the final retail market along the broiler chicken supply chain. The emergence of AMR Salmonella in hatcheries may be due to the horizontal spread of resistant isolates. Therefore, Salmonella control in hatcheries, particularly its horizontal transmission, is important.

Keywords: Salmonella enterica; antimicrobial resistance; hatchery; integrated broiler chicken operation; transmission.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dendrograms of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types of the 38 selected Salmonella isolates recovered from the hatchery and upstream breeder farms. These isolates and their association with source and antimicrobial resistance profiles are shown. Backgrounds with the same-colored bars (orange) indicate samples with the same PFGE patterns and antimicrobial resistance profiles; bold and non-bold indicate samples with different source.
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