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. 2021 Jan 11;7(1):43.
doi: 10.3390/jof7010043.

Revealing of Non-Cultivable Bacteria Associated with the Mycelium of Fungi in the Kerosene-Degrading Community Isolated from the Contaminated Jet Fuel

Tatiana Shapiro  1 , Konstantin Chekanov  1   2 , Alina Alexandrova  1 , Galina Dolnikova  1 , Ekaterina Ivanova  3 , Elena Lobakova  1
Affiliations

Revealing of Non-Cultivable Bacteria Associated with the Mycelium of Fungi in the Kerosene-Degrading Community Isolated from the Contaminated Jet Fuel

Tatiana Shapiro et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Fuel (especially kerosene) biodamage is a challenge for global industry. In aviation, where kerosene is a widely used type of fuel, its biodeterioration leads to significant damage. Six isolates of micromycetes from the TS-1 aviation kerosene samples were obtained. Their ability to grow on the fuel was studied, and the difference between biodegradation ability was shown. Micromycetes belonged to the Talaromyces, Penicillium, and Aspergillus genera. It was impossible to obtain bacterial isolates associated with their mycelium. However, 16S rRNA metabarcoding and microscopic observations revealed the presence of bacteria in the micromycete isolates. It seems to be that kerosene-degrading fungi were associated with uncultured bacteria. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were abundant in the fungal cultures isolated from the TS-1 jet fuel samples. Most genera among these phyla are known as hydrocarbon degraders. Only bacteria-containing micromycete isolates were able to grow on the kerosene. Most likely, kerosene degradation mechanisms are based on synergism of bacteria and fungi.

Keywords: Aspergillus; Penicillium; Talaromyces; fuel biodamage; fuel biodegradation; microbial community.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A–D) Micromycete colonies on the solid culturing medium, seven days old. (E–H) Scanning electron images of micromycetes mycelium isolated from the TS-1 jet fuel. (A,E) Talaromyces amestolkiae, (B,F) Penicillium chrysogenum, (C,G) Aspergillus sydowii, and (D,H) Talaromyces rugulosus. Scale bar: (F) 5 μm, (E,G) 10 μm, and (H) 20 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Analysis of the bacterial component of the communities isolated from the TS-1 jet fuel. (A) Native cultures of the micromycetes. Scale bar: 10 mm. (B) Mycelium lysis. Scale bar: 10 mm. (C) Bacteria attachment to the fungal hyphae in the isolate 18RJF9. Scale bar: 10 μm, arrows indicate the bacterial cells—B. (D) Separation of the PCR products obtained by using the primers for 16S rRNA detection in agarose gel. K is the negative control; M is the 100+ bp DNA ladder.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Abundance of bacterial phyla in the communities isolated from the TS-1 jet fuel based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA libraries. The percentage of bacterial NGS reads corresponding to each phylum (of total prokaryotic reads) is shown. “Others” are unidentified sequences. (B) The number of common genera in the communities isolated from the TS-1 jet fuel based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding data analysis. (C) Frequency heatmap based on 16S rRNA sequencing. The color corresponds to the fraction of NGS reads in each isolate.
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