Review
doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00983.
Polydactyly of the Foot: A Review
Affiliations
- PMID: 33443388
- DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00983
Item in Clipboard
Review
Polydactyly of the Foot: A Review
J Am Acad Orthop Surg.
.
Abstract
Pediatric foot polydactyly presents in a wide variety of deformities from single extra digits attached only by a narrow soft-tissue connection to complex central foot duplications with tarsal bone duplication. The goal of surgical reconstruction is a stable, mobile, pain-free foot with five cosmetically appealing toes that allows for normal footwear and painless ambulation. This review covers the incidence, genetics and embryology, classification, presentation and natural history, physical examination, radiographic assessment, and surgical intervention for all types of foot polydactyly.
Copyright © 2021 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Similar articles
-
Treatment for central polydactyly of the foot with nine toes: a rare case report.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Mar 24;26(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08520-3. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025. PMID: 40128705 Free PMC article.
-
Concomitant syndactyly and polydactyly in a pediatric foot.J Foot Ankle Surg. 1997 Mar-Apr;36(2):151-4. doi: 10.1016/s1067-2516(97)80063-4. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1997. PMID: 9127221
-
The spectrum of preaxial polydactyly of the foot.J Pediatr Orthop. 2011 Jun;31(4):435-47. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3182199a68. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011. PMID: 21572282
-
Mirror foot and our surgical experience: a case report and literature review.Foot (Edinb). 2010 Mar;20(1):44-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 Mar 31. Foot (Edinb). 2010. PMID: 20359881 Review.
-
Congenital digital deformities.Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1996 Apr;13(2):327-42. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1996. PMID: 9118022 Review.
Cited by
-
Preaxial polydactyly of the foot in an adult patient diagnosed by X-ray after a trauma.Radiol Case Rep. 2023 Jan 24;18(3):1376-1379. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.12.034. eCollection 2023 Mar. Radiol Case Rep. 2023. PMID: 36818997 Free PMC article.
-
Treatment for central polydactyly of the foot with nine toes: a rare case report.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Mar 24;26(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08520-3. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025. PMID: 40128705 Free PMC article.
-
Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis of polydactyly in chickens.Front Vet Sci. 2025 May 21;12:1592068. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1592068. eCollection 2025. Front Vet Sci. 2025. PMID: 40470275 Free PMC article.
-
Identification of truncated variants in GLI family zinc finger 3 (GLI3) associated with polydactyly.J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jul 30;19(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-04928-0. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024. PMID: 39080720 Free PMC article.
-
Surgical Reconstruction of Type IV Hypoplasia of the Thumb (Floating Thumb) in Infants: A Retrospective Analysis of Functional Outcomes and Radiographic Alignment.Med Sci Monit. 2024 Jun 30;30:e943686. doi: 10.12659/MSM.943686. Med Sci Monit. 2024. PMID: 38944680 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Woolf CM, Myranthopoulos NC: Polydactyly in American negroes and whites. Am J Hum Genet 1973;25:397-404.
-
- Frazier TM: A note on race-specific congenital malformation rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1960;80:184-185.
-
- Watanabe H, Fujita S, Oka H: Polydactyly of the foot: An analysis of 265 cases and a morphological classification. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:856-877.
-
- Vasluian E, van der Sluis CK, van Essen AJ, et al.: Birth prevalence for congenital limb defects in the northern Netherlands: A 30-year population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013;14:323.
-
- Venn-Watson E: Problems in polydactyly of the foot. Orthop Clin North Am 1976;7:909-927.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
