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Review
. 2020 Nov;47(4S):e17-e54.
doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.10.005.

The Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Prostate and Bladder Cancer

Sujit S Nair  1 , Rachel Weil  2 , Zachary Dovey  2 , Avery Davis  2 , Ashutosh K Tewari  3
Affiliations
Review

The Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Prostate and Bladder Cancer

Sujit S Nair et al. Urol Clin North Am. 2020 Nov.

Abstract

Bladder cancer has been successfully treated with immunotherapy, whereas prostate cancer is a cold tumor with inadequate immune-related treatment response. A greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment and methods for harnessing the immune system to address tumor growth will be needed to improve immunotherapies for both prostate and bladder cancer. Here, we provide an overview of prostate and bladder cancer, including fundamental aspects of the disease and treatment, the elaborate cellular makeup of the tumor microenvironment, and methods for exploiting relevant pathways to develop more effective treatments.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; Immunoediting; Immunotherapy; Neoadjuvant treatment; Prostate cancer; Tumor microenvironment; Vaccines.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author contributions S.S. Nair and A.K. Tewari conceived the idea, developed the conceptual framework, and supervised the project. R. Weil and Z. Dovey co-wrote the original first draft. S.S. Nair, R. Weil, Z. Dovey, and A.K. Tewari co-wrote, edited, and reviewed the article. S.S. Nair and A. Davis prepared figures and Z. Dovey prepared tables. All authors contributed to reviewing literature and provided critical feedback. All authors reviewed and approved the article. This article was screened using iThenticate software before submission. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Disclosure Dr A.K. Tewari has served as a site-PI on pharma/industry-sponsored clinical trials from Kite Pharma, Lumicell Inc, Dendreon, and Oncovir Inc. He has received research funding (grants) to his institution from DOD, NIH, Axogen, Intuitive Surgical, AMBFF, and other philanthropy. Dr A.K. Tewari has served as an unpaid consultant to Roivant Biosciences and advisor to Promaxo. He owns equity in Promaxo. S.S. Nair, R. Weil, Z. Dovey, and A. Davis declare no conflicts.

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