Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Jan 15;22(2):12.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-020-01026-6.

Chronic Scrotal Content Pain: a Review of the Literature and Management Schemes

Paul J Oh  1 , Petar Bajic  2 , Scott D Lundy  1 , Matthew Ziegelmann  3 , Laurence A Levine  4
Affiliations
Review

Chronic Scrotal Content Pain: a Review of the Literature and Management Schemes

Paul J Oh et al. Curr Urol Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Chronic scrotal content pain (CSCP) is a complex condition with multiple etiologies that requires a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology, workup, and treatment options. We performed a comprehensive and contemporary review to augment our current understanding of CSCP.

Recent findings: We discuss new advances in CSCP-specific pain questionnaires, modern studies of microscopic spermatic cord denervation and its variations, and novel techniques including electric nerve stimulation and cryoablation in addition to randomized control trials with significant negative findings. We also present literature focusing on the prevention of CSCP secondary to surgical iatrogenic causes. The constantly evolving literature of CSCP has led to the significant evolution in its diagnosis and treatment, from oral medications to salvage options after microscopic spermatic cord denervation. With each advance, we come closer to developing a more thorough, evidence-based algorithm to guide urologists in treatment of CSCP.

Keywords: Chronic orchialgia; Chronic scrotal content pain; Chronic testicular pain; Microscopic denervation; Spermatic cord block.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
    1. •• Polackwich AS, Arora HC, Li J, Levine L, Tojuola B, Parekattil S, et al. Development of a clinically relevant symptom index to assess patients with chronic orchialgia/chronic scrotal content pain. Transl Androl Urol. 2018;7(Suppl 2):S163–8 Developed an orchialgia symptom index with domains of pain, sexual symptoms, and quality of life. One hundred thirteen men filled the survey and plans are to prospectively validate this survey. - PubMed - PMC
    1. Davis BE, Noble MJ, Weigel JW, Foret JD, Mebust WK. Analysis and management of chronic testicular pain. J Urol. 1990;143(5):936–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40143-1 . - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hunter CW, Stovall B, Chen G, Carlson J, Levy R, Hunter CW. Anatomy, pathophysiology and interventional therapies for chronic pelvic pain: a review. Pain Physician. 2018;(1):147–67 Available from: http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/pdf?article=NTEwNA%3D%3D&amp... .
    1. Gaudet AD, Popovich PG, Ramer MS. Wallerian degeneration: gaining perspective on inflammatory events after peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8(1):110 Available from: http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/8/1/110 . - PubMed - PMC
    1. Calixte N, Brahmbhatt J, Parekattil S. Chronic testicular and groin pain: pathway to relief. Curr Urol Rep. 2017;18(10):1–8.

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources