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Review
. 2021 Apr;17(15):e2006055.
doi: 10.1002/smll.202006055. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Liver Models for Nanomaterial DNA Damage Assessment

Samantha V Llewellyn  1 , Marije Niemeijer  2 , Penny Nymark  3   4 , Martijn J Moné  2 , Bob van de Water  2 , Gillian E Conway  1 , Gareth J S Jenkins  1 , Shareen H Doak  1
Affiliations
Review

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Liver Models for Nanomaterial DNA Damage Assessment

Samantha V Llewellyn et al. Small. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Whilst the liver possesses the ability to repair and restore sections of damaged tissue following acute injury, prolonged exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) may induce repetitive injury leading to chronic liver disease. Screening ENM cytotoxicity using 3D liver models has recently been performed, but a significant challenge has been the application of such in vitro models for evaluating ENM associated genotoxicity; a vital component of regulatory human health risk assessment. This review considers the benefits, limitations, and adaptations of specific in vitro approaches to assess DNA damage in the liver, whilst identifying critical advancements required to support a multitude of biochemical endpoints, focusing on nano(geno)toxicology (e.g., secondary genotoxicity, DNA damage, and repair following prolonged or repeated exposures).

Keywords: DNA damage; adverse outcome pathways; in vitro liver models; long-term exposure; nano(geno)toxicology; nanomaterials.

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