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Review
. 2021 Jan 13;10(2):277.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10020277.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Antonino Maniaci  1 , Giannicola Iannella  2   3 , Salvatore Cocuzza  1 , Claudio Vicini  3   4 , Giuseppe Magliulo  2 , Salvatore Ferlito  1 , Giovanni Cammaroto  3 , Giuseppe Meccariello  3 , Andrea De Vito  5 , Alice Nicolai  2 , Annalisa Pace  2 , Marco Artico  2 , Samanta Taurone  2
Affiliations
Review

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Antonino Maniaci et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during the night. This obstruction usually occurs with a reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of the airflow in the upper airways with the persistence of thoracic-diaphragmatic respiratory movements. During the hypopnea/apnea events, poor alveolar ventilation reduces the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) and a gradual increase in the partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The direct consequence of the intermittent hypoxia is an oxidative imbalance, with reactive oxygen species production and the inflammatory cascade's activation with pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines growth. Tumour necrosis factors, inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6), lipid peroxidation, and cell-free DNA have been found to increase in OSAS patients. However, even though different risk-related markers have been described and analysed in the literature, it has not yet been clarified whether specified inflammatory bio-markers better correlates with OSAS diagnosis and its clinical evolution/comorbidities. We perform a scientific literature review to discuss inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers currently tested in OSAS patients and their correlation with the disease's severity and treatment.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk; cell-free DNA; intermittent hypoxia; lipid peroxidation; obstructive sleep apnea; tumour necrosis factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart OSAS flogosis pathway. Abbreviations: PMN oxidative burst, polymorphonuclear neutrophils; TBRSA, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; Urinary 8-OHdG, urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine; ADMA, Asymmetric dimethylarginine; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; d-ROMs, reactive oxygen metabolites GSH, Glutathione; AOPP, Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; CV, Cardiovascular; HIF, Hypoxia-inducible factor; MMP, Matrix metalloproteinase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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