Usefulness of vertebrobasilar artery radiological finding as a predictive and prognostic factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Objective: The association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and radiological findings of the vertebrobasilar artery is not well-known and little research has been done. We hypothesized that the radiological features of the vertebrobasilar artery contribute to the incidence and prognosis of SSNHL.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with unilateral SSNHL (SSNHL group) and those with acute vestibular neuritis (AVN; control group) in our hospital. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We measured the following parameters on the radiological images: basilar artery diameter, direction and distance of basilar artery deviation, direction and distance of vertebral artery deviation, and incidence of vertebral artery obstruction. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed in all patients. Follow up PTA between 1 week and 1 month after treatment was performed in the SSNHL group.

Results: A total of 244 SSNHL patients and 62 AVN patients were included in the analysis. Age, body mass index, and basilar artery diameter were found to be significantly associated with SSNHL. In the SSNHL group, patients were divided into three subgroups based on the consistency between the basilar artery deviation site and disease site. No significant difference was noted in initial PTA, final PTA, PTA recovery, and symptom improvement among the three groups. In case of the basilar artery, when the deviation and disease sites were in the opposite direction and the basilar artery diameter was >3.5 mm, diameter of basilar artery was positively correlated with PTA recovery.

Conclusions: The strength of this study is that radiological evaluation of the vertebrobasilar artery was performed. Further research on the association between SSNHL and radiological features of the vertebrobasilar artery should be conducted to emphasize the importance of vascular assessment in SSNHL.

Keywords: Radiological finding; SSNHL; Sudden sensorineural hearing loss; VBDE; Vertebrobasilar artery; Vertebrobasilar artery dolichoectasia.