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. 2021 Jun;7(3):285-292.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.397. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Validation of a novel method for canine eruption assessment in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Khalid Alqahtani  1   2 , Eman Shaheen  1 , Sohaib Shujaat  1 , Mostafa EzEldeen  1 , Titiaan Dormaar  1 , Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula  3 , Constantinus Politis  1 , Reinhilde Jacobs  1   4
Affiliations

Validation of a novel method for canine eruption assessment in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients

Khalid Alqahtani et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to propose and validate a three-dimensional (3D) methodology for the assessment of canine eruption in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG).

Methods and materials: A total of 10 patients (four females, six males; mean age: 8.8 years) with UCLP who underwent SABG were recruited. Pre- and 6-month post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was acquired for all patients. Post-operative data was registered onto pre-operative data utilizing voxel-based registration. Following superimposition, a segmentation process was applied to segment maxillary canine on both cleft and non-cleft side. Thereafter, translational and rotational changes in canine position were assessed for both cleft and non-cleft side by two observers.

Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated excellent reliability (≥0.90) with inter and intra-observer error of less than 0.05 mm. The overall ICC was found to be high for assessing both translational and rotational changes. The mean absolute inter- and intra-observer difference for translational and rotational changes was found to be less than 1 mm and 3°.

Conclusion: The present method was found to be reliable proving to be clinically applicable for assessing maxillary canine eruption changes in both cleft and non-cleft bone.

Keywords: 3-D imaging; cleft lip; cleft palate; cone-beam computed tomography; tooth eruption.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Voxel based registration procedure. (a) Preoperative region of interest for registration (gray), (b) 6 months postoperative region of interest for registration (green), (c) 6 months postoperative registered on preoperative based on the region of interest, (d) result the registration showing the full scans
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Segmentation procedure. (a) The semi‐interactive livewire step delineating canine in sagittal, coronal, and axial views; (b) the rendering of the segmented canine shown within the surrounding tissues. (c) The resulted segmented 3D model as STL
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
3D canine positional changes. Blue: Pre‐operative. Yellow: Post‐operative. (a) Translational mesial/distal, palatal/facial and incisal movement. (b) Rotational pitch, roll and yaw movement
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
An example of a non‐cleft side erupted canine. Preoperative canine is in gray and registered postoperative canine is in transparent blue. (a) Side view. (b) Frontal view
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