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Review
. 2021 Apr:110:89-96.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.12.022. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Dismantling myths on the airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)

J W Tang  1 , W P Bahnfleth  2 , P M Bluyssen  3 , G Buonanno  4 , J L Jimenez  5 , J Kurnitski  6 , Y Li  7 , S Miller  8 , C Sekhar  9 , L Morawska  10 , L C Marr  11 , A K Melikov  12 , W W Nazaroff  13 , P V Nielsen  14 , R Tellier  15 , P Wargocki  12 , S J Dancer  16
Affiliations
Review

Dismantling myths on the airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)

J W Tang et al. J Hosp Infect. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused untold disruption throughout the world. Understanding the mechanisms for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is key to preventing further spread, but there is confusion over the meaning of 'airborne' whenever transmission is discussed. Scientific ambivalence originates from evidence published many years ago which has generated mythological beliefs that obscure current thinking. This article collates and explores some of the most commonly held dogmas on airborne transmission in order to stimulate revision of the science in the light of current evidence. Six 'myths' are presented, explained and ultimately refuted on the basis of recently published papers and expert opinion from previous work related to similar viruses. There is little doubt that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via a range of airborne particle sizes subject to all the usual ventilation parameters and human behaviour. Experts from specialties encompassing aerosol studies, ventilation, engineering, physics, virology and clinical medicine have joined together to produce this review to consolidate the evidence for airborne transmission mechanisms, and offer justification for modern strategies for prevention and control of COVID-19 in health care and the community.

Keywords: Aerosol; Air; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Transmission; Virus.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Range of respiratory particles and potential spread over distance. Blue particles represent droplets, typically >100-μm diameter, that fall to the floor under gravity within 2 m of the source. Red particles represent aerosols, typically <100 μm, that stay suspended for longer, but eventually fall to the ground if the air is motionless for long enough (at least 30 min).
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