A Real-Time Blood Flow Measurement Device for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a new optical device that measures peripheral blood flow as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Materials and methods: In this prospective study, 167 limbs of 90 patients (mean age, 76 y; 53% men) with suspected PAD were evaluated with the FlowMet device, which uses a new type of dynamic light-scattering technology to assess blood flow in real time. Measurements of magnitude and phasicity of blood flow were combined into a single-value flow-waveform score and compared vs ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), and clinical presentation of patients per Rutherford category (RC). Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to predict RC. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were compared among flow-waveform score, ABI, and TBI.

Results: Qualitatively, the FlowMet waveforms were analogous to Doppler velocity measurements, and degradation of waveform phasicity and amplitude were observed with increasing PAD severity. Quantitatively, the flow, waveform, and composite flow-waveform scores decreased significantly with decreasing TBI. In predicting RC ≥ 4, the flow-waveform score (AUC = 0.83) showed a linear decrease with worsening patient symptoms and power comparable to that of TBI (AUC = 0.82) and better than that of ABI (AUC = 0.71). Optimal sensitivity and specificity pairs were found to be 56%/83%, 72%/81%, and 89%/74% for ABI, TBI, and flow-waveform score, respectively.

Conclusions: The technology tested in this pilot study showed a high predictive value for diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. The device showed promise as a diagnostic tool capable of providing clinical feedback in real time.