CT-guided color marking of impalpable pulmonary nodules prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the utility and complications of computed tomography (CT)-guided color marking of impalpable pulmonary nodules for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection.

Methods: This retrospective single institutional study has obtained Institutional Review Board approval. A total of 174 patients with 207 undiagnosed peripheral lesions of the lung were enrolled who had undergone preoperative computed tomography-guided color marking using colored collagen followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) from December 2015 to September 2018.

Results: All nodules (mean 14.0 mm, range 3.0-30.0 mm) were successfully marked by computed tomography-guided color marking, and 96.0% cases (167/174) were localized by means of intraoperative fluoroscopy as clear spots. Minor pneumothorax with a median volume of 3.8 mL (range 0.2-119.0 mL) occurred in 12 patients (6.9%) who were completely asymptomatic and were not in serious condition. No patient required a chest tube. No major bleeding complication occurred, and no air emboli were seen. No intra- or post-operative mortality of VATS was observed.

Conclusions: Preoperative CT-guided color marking of impalpable pulmonary nodules is a safe and effective procedure that allows for successful surgical resection.

Keywords: CT; Color marking; GGN; Lung cancer; VATS.