Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019: a prospective review of 600 patients

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate otorhinolaryngological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and the time required for their resolution.

Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted of coronavirus disease 2019 patients presenting from 1 April 2020 to 30 July 2020. The otorhinolaryngological manifestations were evaluated based on patient history. The time required for symptom resolution was evaluated separately for intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients.

Results: A total of 600 patients were included in the study; 13.3 per cent required the intensive care unit and 2.2 per cent expired. The otorhinolaryngological manifestations were: sore throat (88 per cent), fever (78.8 per cent), anosmia or hyposmia (63.6 per cent), ageusia or hypogeusia (63.5 per cent), rhinorrhoea (51.3 per cent), nasal obstruction (33.5 per cent), sneezing (30.3 per cent), and breathing difficulty (18.6 per cent). The time required for symptom resolution was longest for breathing difficulty (23.6 days for intensive care unit and 8.2 days for non-intensive care unit patients).

Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngological symptoms are one of the main presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The increased prevalence of medical co-morbidities in patients requiring intensive care unit and in deceased patients is also highlighted.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comorbidity; Prospective Studies.

Fig. 1.

Distribution of patients based on clinical manifestations.

Fig. 2.

Time since symptom onset (with respective standard deviations).

Fig. 3.

Time needed for symptom resolution (along with standard deviations), both for intensive care unit (ICU) and non-intensive care unit patients.

Fig. 4.

Distribution of patients according to medical co-morbidities. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD = cardiovascular disease