Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria: implications for infection prevention and control measures

Abstract

Introduction: health care workers (HCWs) are on the frontline, waging war against SARS-CoV-2 and have a higher risk of infection with exposure to an infected person with SARS-CoV-2. There is a paucity of information on clinical characteristics and infection risk gradient of HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 with the view to marshal preventive measures.

Methods: we conducted a multi-center case series analysis of 648 HCWs who were randomly selected in private and public hospitals across Nasarawa State, managing cases of SARS-CoV-2. Demographic and epidemiological information, were abstracted from electronic medical records of cases from February to July 2020. Throat and Nasopharyngeal swabs and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were performed.

Results: overall, 134 of 648 HCWs across health centers in Nasarawa State tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Eighty male HCWs constituted 30.9% of respondents with a median (interquartile range) age of 36.7 (30.0-47.0) years. Overall, 50 of 134 HCWs (67.5%) with SAR-COV-2 had mild disease. The five most common symptoms amongst cases were fever (67 [90.5%]), myalgia or fatigue (60 [81.1%]), cough (50[67.6%]), sore throat (50 [67.6%]), and muscle ache (50 [67.6%]). Contact with index patients (65 [59.1%]) and colleagues with infection (10 [13.9%]) as well as community-acquired infection (14 [18.9%]) were the main routes of exposure for HCWs.

Conclusion: HCWs in Nasarawa State face an unprecedented occupational risk of morbidity and mortality as a result of SARS-CoV-2. There is need for rapid development of sustainable infection prevention control measures that protect HCWs from the SARS-CoV-2 ongoing pandemic.

Keywords: Clinical characteristics; frontline workers; healthcare workers; transmission.