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Review
. 2020 Dec 31;7(1):e05751.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05751. eCollection 2021 Jan.

Current scenario of and future perspective for scientific research in Nepal

Krishna Prasad Acharya  1 , Sarita Phuyal  2 , Rakesh Chand  3   4 , Krishna Kaphle  5
Affiliations
Review

Current scenario of and future perspective for scientific research in Nepal

Krishna Prasad Acharya et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Scientific research can act as the 'bedrock for development' which can provide a solid foundation for the overall socioeconomic transformation in a country through invention and innovation. The inclusion of seven groups of Nepalese monuments in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)'s world heritage sites provides evidence of the richness in architecture and civil engineering in the country, which also show how Nepal was influenced by arts and religious philosophy. The government of Nepal (GoN) has established different scientific departments, universities, and research institutions, and has tried to emphasize the application of science and research for the development of the nation. These institutions, however, have inadequate resources, exist in a poor academic and research environment and are subject to overt political influence. Despite these various problems, a variety of pioneer research and development activities have been conducted, which show positive rays of hope. This review presents history, current situation, progress and future perspective for scientific research and development in Nepal.

Keywords: Activism; Art; Business; Culture; Economics; Education; Future; History; Information science; Nepal; Philosophy; Research and development; Research institutions; Science; Sociology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportion of students enrolled in major subjects in Nepalese universities between 2007 and 2018. (Source: MoF [10]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
GNP/GDP spending on R & D in Nepal (Source: Bajracharya et al 20068, The World Bank 201019; NPC 201518).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proposed Gross domestic product (GDP) spending on R & D in Nepal as mentioned in Nepal's Sustainable Development Goals (Source: NPC [18]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Total expenditure on Research and Consultancy services in Nepal between 2008 and 2019. (Source: MoF [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Percent budgetary expenditure on Research and Consultancy in Nepal between 2008 and 2019. (Source: MoF [20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Agricultural research spending as a share of Agriculture GDP (AGDP) in Nepal in comparison to Bangladesh, India and Srilanka (Source: Stads et al., 2019 [29] and ASTI [30]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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