Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18-24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

Keywords: bench press; motivation; preference; velocity.

Figure 1

Barbell velocity and repetitions to failure analysis between non-preferred (NON-PREF) and preferred (PREF) warm-up music conditions (a) Average mean velocity (m s⁻¹) of the first 3 repetitions of each set (b) Repetitions completed for each set. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * indicates significantly different from NON-PREF (p ≤ 0.05). † indicates significantly different than set 1 (p ≤ 0.05).

Figure 2

RPE and exercise motivation between non-preferred (NON-PREF) and preferred (PREF) warm-up music conditions (a) Set-to-set changes in rate of perceived exertion (RPE; 1–10 scale) (b) Motivation (mm) following the warm-up for each condition. * indicates significantly different than NON-PREF (p ≤ 0.05).