The focal adhesion protein Testin modulates KCNE2 potassium channel β subunit activity

Abstract

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) typically kills more people globally each year than any other single cause of death. A better understanding of genetic predisposition to CAD and the underlying mechanisms will help to identify those most at risk and contribute to improved therapeutic approaches. KCNE2 is a functionally versatile, ubiquitously expressed potassium channel β subunit associated with CAD and cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility in humans and mice. Here, to identify novel KCNE2 interaction partners, we employed yeast two-hybrid screening of adult and fetal human heart libraries using the KCNE2 intracellular C-terminal domain as bait. Testin (encoded by TES), an endothelial cell-expressed, CAD-associated, focal adhesion protein, was identified as a high-confidence interaction partner for KCNE2. We confirmed physical association between KCNE2 and Testin in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology revealed that KCNE2 negative-shifts the voltage dependence and increases the rate of activation of the endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte-expressed Kv channel α subunit, Kv1.5 in CHO cells, whereas Testin did not alter Kv1.5 function. However, Testin nullified KCNE2 effects on Kv1.5 voltage dependence and gating kinetics. In contrast, Testin did not prevent KCNE2 regulation of KCNQ1 gating. The data identify a novel role for Testin as a tertiary ion channel regulatory protein. Future studies will address the potential role for KCNE2-Testin interactions in arterial and myocyte physiology and CAD.

Keywords: KCNA5; KCNQ1; coronary artery disease; voltage-gated potassium channel.

Figure 1.

KCNE2 forms complexes with Testin. (a,b) Summary of yeast two-hybrid results indicating the region of Testin (residues 297–369, in yellow) (PREY) common to all clones interacting with the KCNE2 C-terminal domain (residues 66–123, in pink) (BAIT). SID = Selected Interacting Domain

Figure 2.

Testin modulates KCNE2 effects on Kv1.5

Figure 3.

Testin does not alter KCNE2 modulation of KCNQ1