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. 2021 Jan 5;13(1):62.
doi: 10.3390/v13010062.

The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly

Mariana C Leal  1   2 , Danielle Seabra Ramos  1   3 , Thiago Pinto Bezerra  1 , Ana Elizabeth S C Vilela  2 , Rebeka Jacques de F Maciel  1 , Mirella Rodrigues  1 , Mariana Lira  4 , Karen Pena de Souza Cavalcanti  4   5 , Vanessa Van der Linden  6 , Marli T Cordeiro  6 , Demócrito Miranda  7 , Ricardo Ximenes  1 , Elizabeth B Brickley  8 , Silvio S Caldas  1   7
Affiliations

The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly

Mariana C Leal et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia.

Keywords: Zika; adenoids; dysphagia; microcephaly; nasal obstruction; secretory otitis media.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bulky lymphoid follicles with activated germinal centers (hematoxicillin-eosin, 10×).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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