Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):92.
doi: 10.3390/foods10010092.

Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain

Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros  1 , Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz  2 , Lourdes Rodrigo  3 , Margarita Aguilera  4 , Ana Rivas  1 , Alberto Zafra-Gómez  2
Affiliations

Presence of Parabens and Bisphenols in Food Commonly Consumed in Spain

Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Given the widespread use of bisphenols and parabens in consumer products, the assessment of their intake is crucial and represents the first step towards the assessment of the potential risks that these compounds may pose to human health. In the present study, a total of 98 samples of food items commonly consumed by the Spanish population were collected from different national supermarkets and grocery stores for the determination of parabens and bisphenols. Our analysis demonstrated that 56 of the 98 food samples contained detectable levels of parabens with limits of quantification (LOQ) between 0.4 and 0.9 ng g-1. The total concentration of parabens (sum of four parabens: ∑parabens) ranged from below the LOQ to 281.7 ng g-1, with a mean value of 73.86 ng g-1. A total of 52% of the samples showed detectable concentrations of bisphenols. Bisphenol A (BPA) was the most frequently detected bisphenol in the food samples analysed, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol E (BPE). Bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol P (BPP) were not found in any of the analysed samples. LOQ for these bisphenols were between 0.4 and 4.0 ng g-1.

Keywords: Spain; bisphenols; food; parabens.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Parabens analysed in the present work.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bisphenols analysed in the present work.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram of the lower calibration level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Fransway A.F., Fransway P.J., Belsito D.V., Warshaw E.M., Sasseville D., Fowler J.F., Jr., DeKoven J.G., Pratt M.D., Maibach H.I., Taylor J.S., et al. Parabens. Dermatitis. 2019;30:3–31. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000429. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liao C., Kannan K. Occurrence of and Dietary Exposure to Parabens in Foodstuffs from the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013;47:3918–3925. doi: 10.1021/es400724s. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liao C., Chen L., Kannan K. Occurrence of Parabens in Foodstuffs from China and its Implications for Human Dietary Exposure. Environ. Int. 2013;57–58:68–74. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.04.001. - DOI - PubMed
    1. European Commission Commission Regulation (EU) No 1004/2004. of 18 September 2014 amending Annex V to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on cosmetic products. Off. J. Eur. Union. 2014;L282:5–8.
    1. Golden R., Gandy J., Vollmer G. A Review of the Endocrine Activity of Parabens and Implications for Potential Risks to Human Health. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2005;35:435–458. doi: 10.1080/10408440490920104. - DOI - PubMed