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Review
. 2021 Jan 14;13(1):226.
doi: 10.3390/nu13010226.

Non-IgE- or Mixed IgE/Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in the First Years of Life: Old and New Tools for Diagnosis

Mauro Calvani  1 , Caterina Anania  2 , Barbara Cuomo  3 , Enza D'Auria  4 , Fabio Decimo  5 , Giovanni Cosimo Indirli  6 , Gianluigi Marseglia  7 , Violetta Mastrorilli  8 , Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio  4 , Angelica Santoro  9 , Elisabetta Veronelli  10
Affiliations
Review

Non-IgE- or Mixed IgE/Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in the First Years of Life: Old and New Tools for Diagnosis

Mauro Calvani et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

non-IgE and mixed gastrointestinal food allergies present various specific, well-characterized clinical pictures such as food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis and food protein-induced enteropathy syndrome as well as eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis and eosinophilic colitis. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of their different clinical presentations, to suggest a correct approach to their diagnosis and to discuss the usefulness of both old and new diagnostic tools, including fecal biomarkers, atopy patch tests, endoscopy, specific IgG and IgG4 testing, allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test (ALST) and clinical score (CoMiss).

Keywords: IgG and IgG4; allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test; atopy patch test; clinical score; endoscopy; eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders; fecal biomarkers; non-IgE gastrointestinal food allergy; oral food challenge.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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