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. 2020 Oct 1;5(4):73.
doi: 10.3390/jfmk5040073.

Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Tindaro Bongiovanni  1   2 , Gabriele Mascherini  3 , Federico Genovesi  4 , Giulio Pasta  5 , Fedon Marcello Iaia  2 , Athos Trecroci  2 , Marco Ventimiglia  6 , Giampietro Alberti  2 , Francesco Campa  7
Affiliations

Bioimpedance Vector References Need to Be Period-Specific for Assessing Body Composition and Cellular Health in Elite Soccer Players: A Brief Report

Tindaro Bongiovanni et al. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. .

Abstract

Purpose: Bioimpedance data through bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is used to evaluate cellular function and body fluid content. This study aimed to (i) identify whether BIVA patters differ according to the competitive period and (ii) provide specific references for assessing bioelectric properties at the start of the season in male elite soccer players.

Methods: The study included 131 male soccer players (age: 25.1 ± 4.7 yr, height: 183.4 ± 6.1 cm, weight: 79.3 ± 6.6) registered in the first Italian soccer division (Serie A). Bioimpedance analysis was performed just before the start of the competitive season and BIVA was applied. In order to verify the need for period-specific references, bioelectrical values measured at the start of the season were compared to the reference values for the male elite soccer player population.

Results: The results of the two-sample Hotelling T2 tests showed that in the bivariate interpretation of the raw bioimpedance parameters (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)) the bioelectric properties significantly (T2 = 15.3, F = 7.6, p ≤ 0.001, Mahalanobis D = 0.45) differ between the two phases of the competition analyzed. In particular, the mean impedance vector is more displaced to the left into the R-Xc graph at the beginning of the season than in the first half of the championship.

Conclusions: For an accurate evaluation of body composition and cellular health, the tolerance ellipses displayed by BIVA approach into the R-Xc graph must be period-specific. This study provides new specific tolerance ellipses (R/H: 246 ± 32.1, Xc/H: 34.3 ± 5.1, r: 0.7) for performing BIVA at the beginning of the competitive season in male elite soccer players.

Keywords: BIVA; R-Xc graph; phase angle; tolerance ellipses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean impedance vectors with the 95% confidence ellipses for the soccer players measured at the start and at the first half of the competitive season [10] (Panel A). Scattergrams of the individual impedance vectors plotted on the new tolerance ellipses (Panel B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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