Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA

Abstract

Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of four lures for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in pome fruits in Italy and the USA. Multi-component blends of sex pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX) were loaded in either a halobutyl elastomer septum or a PVC matrix and always used in combination with acetic acid (AA) loaded in a closed membrane co-lure. Total moth capture was significantly greater with the PVC than the septum lure loaded with PH/PE + AA in both countries. Female capture in the USA study was significantly greater for 8 weeks in traps baited with the PE/DMNT/LOX blend + AA co-lure than with other lures and adding PH to this blend in a PVC lure significantly reduced female capture. In contrast, female capture in Italy did not differ among lures and counts were similar in both apple and pear crops treated with or without mating disruption. These results suggest that the effectiveness of 'female removal' strategies to manage codling moth may be geographically limited and further comparisons are needed in other production regions and in walnut.

Keywords: acetic acid; codling moth; dimethyl nonatriene; monitoring; pear ester; pyranoid linalool oxide; sex pheromone.

Figure 1

Mean (±SEM) codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) captures in the weekly trap checks recorded in the USA from 4 May to 22 July 2019. (A) = total captures; (B) = female captures. This lure longevity study tested four blend combinations of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (sex pheromone, PH), (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester, PE), acetic acid (AA), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and linalool oxide pyranoid (LOX), over a 12-week monitoring period (N = 8).