Affiliations

• ¹ Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands. y.hautier@uu.nl.
• ² Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
• ³ State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China.
• ⁴ Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics of Shandong University, 266237, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
• ⁵ Ministry of Justice Hub for Research & Practice in Eco-Environmental Forensics, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
• ⁶ Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France.
• ⁷ Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of MN, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
• ¹¹ Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA.
• ¹² Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA.
• ¹³ University of Oxford Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
• ¹⁴ Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
• ¹⁵ Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
• ¹⁶ Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.
• ¹⁷ School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-4115, USA.
• ¹⁸ Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
• ¹⁹ Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ²⁰ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada.
• ²¹ Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ²² Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
• ²³ Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
• ²⁴ University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA.
• ²⁶ German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
• ²⁷ Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
• ²⁸ Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
• ²⁹ Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
• ³⁰ USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX, 76502, USA.
• ³¹ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3B2, Canada.
• ³² Centre de recherché en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France.
• ³³ Department of Heatth and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong liverpool University, 214123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
• ³⁴ University of Kentucky, Plant & Soil Science, 1405 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA.
• ³⁵ School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
• ³⁶ Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
• ³⁷ Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
• ³⁸ INTA (National Institute of Agricultural Research)- UNPA (Southern Patagonia National University)-CONICET, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
• ³⁹ Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
• ⁴⁰ Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia.
• ⁴¹ Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
• ⁴² Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
• ⁴³ UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁴⁴ Ecology & Evolution Group, National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
• ⁴⁵ School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
• ⁴⁹ IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Av San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• ⁵⁰ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
• ⁵¹ Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. shaopeng.wang@pku.edu.cn.