Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Mar 29;38(2):200-203.
doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa134.

Missing data in primary care research: importance, implications and approaches

Miguel Marino  1   2 , Jennifer Lucas  1 , Emile Latour  3 , John D Heintzman  1   4
Affiliations

Missing data in primary care research: importance, implications and approaches

Miguel Marino et al. Fam Pract. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Stages of multiple imputation with an illustrative example where the mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among patients is the parameter of interest and m = 3 imputations were performed. Note: Multiple imputation begins with an incomplete data set. Multiple imputed data sets are created by replacing missing values with plausible values based on a random draw from a distribution that is specifically modelled for the missing values, typically using regression models. Analysis is done on each imputed data set to estimate a parameter of interest. These estimates are pooled into one single estimate of the parameter and its variance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Papageorgiou G, Grant SW, Takkenberg JJM, Mokhles MM. Statistical primer: how to deal with missing data in scientific research? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 27(2): 153–8. - PubMed
    1. Little RJ, D’Agostino R, Cohen M, et al. The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2012; 36(14): 1355–60. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Graham JW. Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 2009; 60: 549–76. - PubMed
    1. Joseph R, Sim J, Ogollah R, Lewis M. A systematic review finds variable use of the intention-to-treat principle in musculoskeletal randomized controlled trials with missing data. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 68(1): 15–24. - PubMed
    1. Howe CJ, Cole SR, Lau B, Napravnik S, Eron JJ Jr. Selection bias due to loss to follow up in cohort studies. Epidemiology 2016; 27(1): 91–7. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types