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. 2021 Jan;15(1):26-35.
doi: 10.1111/crj.13265. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

Responses to progressive exercise in subjects with chronic dyspnea and inspiratory muscle weakness

Danilo C Berton  1 , Ricardo Gass  1 , Bianca Feldmann  1 , Franciele Plachi  1 , Debora Hutten  1 , Nathalia Branco Schweitzer Mendes  1 , Elisa Schroeder  1 , Fernanda M Balzan  1 , Leonardo A Peyré-Tartaruga  1   2 , Marcelo B Gazzana  1
Affiliations

Responses to progressive exercise in subjects with chronic dyspnea and inspiratory muscle weakness

Danilo C Berton et al. Clin Respir J. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Introduction: Inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) is a potential cause of exertional dyspnea frequently under-appreciated in clinical practice. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually requested as part of the work-up for unexplained breathlessness, but the specific pattern of exercise responses ascribed to IMW is insufficiently characterized.

Objectives: To identify the physiological and sensorial responses to progressive exercise in dyspneic patients with IMW without concomitant cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular diseases.

Methods: Twenty-three subjects (18 females, 55.2 ± 16.9 years) complaining of chronic daily life dyspnea (mMRC = 3 [2-3]) plus maximal inspiratory pressure < the lower limit of normal and 12 matched controls performed incremental cycling CPET. FEV1/FVC<0.7, significant abnormalities in chest CT or echocardiography, and/or an established diagnosis of neuromuscular disease were among the exclusion criteria.

Results and conclusion: Patients presented with reduced aerobic capacity (peak V̇O2: 79 ± 26 vs 116 ± 21 %predicted), a tachypneic breathing pattern (peak breathing frequency/tidal volume = 38.4 ± 22.7 vs 21.7 ± 14.2 breaths/min/L) and exercise-induced inspiratory capacity reduction (-0.17 ± 0.33 vs 0.10 ± 0.30 L) (all P < .05) compared to controls. In addition, higher ventilatory response (ΔV̇E/ΔV̇CO2 = 34.1 ± 6.7 vs 27.0 ± 2.3 L/L) and symptomatic burden (dyspnea and leg discomfort) to the imposed workload were observed in patients. Of note, pulse oximetry was similar between groups. Reduced aerobic capacity in the context of a tachypneic breathing pattern, inspiratory capacity reduction and preserved oxygen exchange during progressive exercise should raise the suspicion of inspiratory muscle weakness in subjects with otherwise unexplained breathlessness.

Keywords: exercise test; maximal respiratory pressures; muscle weakness; respiration disorders; respiratory function tests; respiratory muscles.

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