[Evaluation of a woman's care program after pre-eclampsia]

Abstract

Introduction: The medical treatment of preeclampsia is well structured in its acute phase but the required follow-up with patients in post-partum is discussed. However, preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality in the long term. In order to optimize the post-partum treatment, a care program has been developed for these patients in the city of Nantes, France. This includes a check-up of the cardiovascular risks at a day hospital. Our study presents the first results of this program.

Methods: The study included 134 patients who were diagnosed with preeclampsia between October 2016 and January 2019 in the Nantes area, France, and took part in the program within the year following their childbirth. A descriptive analysis was first carried out and then a multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the risk factors for persistent high blood pressure after preeclampsia.

Results: The study detected 28 cases of persistent hypertension (20.9%), 34 cases of obesity (25.3%) and 1 case of diabetes. Hypertension was predominantly diastolic, mild and sometimes masked (35.7%). In a third of the cases (32.1%), the hypertension was secondary. High blood pressure was found to be more frequent in older patients (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.25-4.11, p=0.072), patients from sub-Saharan Africa (OR: 11.52; 95% CI: 2.67-49.86, p=0.01) and multiparous patients (OR: 7.82; 95% CI: 1.15-53.21, p=0.035).

Conclusion: The study confirmed that this care program enables an earlier detection and therefore treatment of the cardiovascular risk factors of these young women.

Keywords: Cardiovascular Risk Factor; Cardiovascular disease; Care program; Facteur De Risque Cardiovasculaire; HTA; Hypertension; Maladie cardiovasculaire; Parcours de soin; Preeclampsia; Preeclampsie.