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. 2021 Jan 6:11:607577.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607577. eCollection 2020.

Metacognitive Awareness Scale, Domain Specific (MCAS-DS): Assessing Metacognitive Awareness During Raven's Progressive Matrices

John H H Song  1 , Sasha Loyal  1 , Benjamin Lond  1
Affiliations

Metacognitive Awareness Scale, Domain Specific (MCAS-DS): Assessing Metacognitive Awareness During Raven's Progressive Matrices

John H H Song et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Metacognition, the cognition about cognition, is closely linked to intelligence and therefore understanding the metacognitive processes underlying intelligence test performance, specifically on Raven's Progressive Matrices, could help advance the knowledge about intelligence. The measurement of metacognition, is often done using domain-general offline questionnaires or domain-specific online think-aloud protocols. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive awareness and intelligence via the design and use of a novel Meta-Cognitive Awareness Scale - Domain Specific (MCAS-DS) that encourages reflection of task strategy processes. This domain-specific scale was first constructed to measure participants' awareness of their own metacognition linked to Raven's Progressive Matrices (SPM). Following discriminatory index and Exploratory Factor Analysis, a 15-item scale was derived. Exploratory Factor Analysis showed five factors: Awareness of Engagement in Self-Monitoring, Awareness of Own Ability, Awareness of Responding Speed/Time, Awareness of Alternative Solutions and Awareness of Requisite Problem-Solving Resources. The intelligence level of ninety-eight adults was then estimated using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Participants also completed the MCAS-DS, and further items that examined their test-taking behavior and Confidence level. Metacognitive awareness was positively correlated to standardized IQ scores derived from the SPM whilst Over-Confidence derived using the Confidence level measure was negatively correlated to SPM. Despite some limitations, this study shows promise for elucidating the relationship between metacognitive awareness and intelligence using the task-specific scale.

Keywords: IQ; Raven’s Progressive Matrices; intelligence; metacognition; scales.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Normal P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual where the Raven’s Progressive Matrices standardized scores was the dependent variable.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Partial Plots of Raven’s Progressive Matrices against Metacognitive Awareness.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Partial Plots of Raven’s Progressive Matrices against Age.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Partial Plots of Raven’s Progressive Matrices against Education.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Partial Plots of Raven’s Progressive Matrices against Over-/Under Confidence.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Partial Plots of Raven’s Progressive Matrices against Social Desirability.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Scatterplot of standardized predicted values against standardized residuals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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