The Importance of Personal Protective Equipment Design and Donning and Doffing Technique in Mitigating Infectious Disease Spread: A Technical Report

Abstract

During the current coronavirus pandemic, significant emphasis has been placed on the importance of mitigating nosocomial spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One important consideration involves the appropriate use of effective personal protective equipment (PPE), which may reduce a healthcare provider's likelihood of becoming infected while simultaneously minimizing exposure to other patients that they care for. This may reduce demands placed on the healthcare system and help to preserve the workforce. First, the importance of PPE design cannot be underestimated, as the manufacturing process must strive to maximize protection of the user while ensuring adequate comfort. Second, it has been demonstrated that inadequate education and training can significantly impact compliance with PPE recommendations. Technique regarding donning and doffing of PPE is crucial to the protection of those who don it. The purpose of this technical report is two-fold: first, to describe some important considerations in the manufacturing and design process of face shields to maximize protection for healthcare providers, and second, to describe a simulation scenario that may be used to train healthcare workers in the appropriate donning and doffing of PPE.

Keywords: covid 19; novel coronavirus; personal protective equipment (ppe); sars-cov-2; simulation in medical education; simulation medicine.

Figure 1. Computational Dynamics Modelling of COVID-19 Transmission From Infected Patient to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) User via Air at 10 ms, 20 ms and 50 ms (Left to Right) Following a Sneezing Event.

Figure 2. Comparing the Efficiency of Three Designs of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Figure 3. Diagram Demonstrating Appropriate Donning of Personal Protective Equipment.

^{Artwork Acknowledgement: Mirna Nogueira de Alencar, Fashion Design, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil}

Figure 4. Diagram Demonstrating Appropriate Doffing of Personal Protective Equipment.

^{Artwork Acknowledgement: Mirna Nogueira de Alencar, Fashion Design, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil}