Experiences and Psychological Influences in Lay Rescuers Performing Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

doi:10.6705/j.jacme.202012_10(4).0002

. 2020 Dec 1;10(4):138-148.

doi: 10.6705/j.jacme.202012_10(4).0002.

Experiences and Psychological Influences in Lay Rescuers Performing Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

Hsuan-Hua Chen^#¹, Wen-Chu Chiang^#², Ming-Ju Hsieh^#³, Chih-Hsien Lee^#⁴, Zung Fan Yuan^#⁵, Hao-Yang Lin^#^{2

3}, Lee-Fang Chew^#³, Edward Pei-Chuan Huang^#³, Chih-Wei Yang^#^{3

6}, Shih-Cheng Liao^#⁷, Chi-Wei Lin^#¹, Ming-Ni Lee^#¹, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma^#^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ National Dong Hwa University Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology Hualien Taiwan.
² National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Department of Emergency Medicine Yunlin Taiwan.
³ National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan.
⁴ Chang Jung Christian University Department of Health Care Administration Tainan Taiwan.
⁵ Tzu Chi University Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Hualien Taiwan.
⁶ National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Medical Education Taipei Taiwan.
⁷ National Taiwan University Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33489737
PMCID: PMC7814209
DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202012_10(4).0002

Experiences and Psychological Influences in Lay Rescuers Performing Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

Hsuan-Hua Chen et al. J Acute Med. 2020.

. 2020 Dec 1;10(4):138-148.

doi: 10.6705/j.jacme.202012_10(4).0002.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ National Dong Hwa University Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology Hualien Taiwan.
² National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Department of Emergency Medicine Yunlin Taiwan.
³ National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan.
⁴ Chang Jung Christian University Department of Health Care Administration Tainan Taiwan.
⁵ Tzu Chi University Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Hualien Taiwan.
⁶ National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Medical Education Taipei Taiwan.
⁷ National Taiwan University Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33489737
PMCID: PMC7814209
DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202012_10(4).0002

Abstract

Background: Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of automated external defibrillation (AED) is pivotal in the community chain of survival, but little is known regarding the bystander experience of performing CPR and AED, and their psychological infl uence from the incidents in the Asian community. This qualitative study was conducted to explore the experiences of lay rescuers who had performed CPR and AED in public locations in Taiwan.

Methods: Lay rescuers who had provided initial CPR and defi brillation with AED in public locations across Taiwan in 2015 were selectively recruited from Taiwan Public AED Registry for a semi-structured interview.

Results: Nine participants were included in the study, and event-to-interview duration was within 1 year (n = 4) and 1-2 years (n = 5). The major fi ndings from the study were: (1) the lay rescuers possessed helping traits and high motivation; (2) the lay rescuers reported certain aspects of rescue reality that differed much from prior training and expectations, including diffi culty in the depth of chest compression, and uncertainties in real emergency situations; (3) the lay rescuers gained positive personal fulfi llment in sharing their experience and receiving positive feedback from others, and were willing to help next time, although they experienced a short-term negative psychological impact from the event.

Conclusions: This study provides valuable information on strategies to increase layperson CPR rates and effectiveness in CPR training. Measures should be taken to increase layperson's confi dence and situation awareness, reduce training-reality discrepancy, build up a support system to avoid negative psychological effects, and prepare lay rescuers for the next resuscitation.

Keywords: altruistic motivation; bystander-initiated CPR; layperson; psychological effect; training-reality discrepancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

**Figure 1. Flow chart of the included study participant.**

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[1] Kragholm Kristian, Wissenberg Mads, Mortensen Rikke N., Hansen Steen M., Malta Hansen Carolina, Thorsteinsson Kristinn, Rajan Shahzleen, Lippert Freddy, Folke Fredrik, Gislason Gunnar, Køber Lars, Fonager Kirsten, Jensen Svend E., Gerds Thomas A., Torp-Pedersen Christian, Rasmussen Bodil S. Bystander Efforts and 1-Year Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest New England Journal of Medicine. 2017 May 04;376(18) doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1601891. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Kragholm Kristian, Wissenberg Mads, Mortensen Rikke N., Hansen Steen M., Malta Hansen Carolina, Thorsteinsson Kristinn, Rajan Shahzleen, Lippert Freddy, Folke Fredrik, Gislason Gunnar, Køber Lars, Fonager Kirsten, Jensen Svend E., Gerds Thomas A., Torp-Pedersen Christian, Rasmussen Bodil S. Bystander Efforts and 1-Year Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest New England Journal of Medicine. 2017 May 04;376(18) doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1601891. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Bobrow Bentley J., Panczyk Micah, Subido Cleo. Dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2012 Jun;18(3) doi: 10.1097/mcc.0b013e328351736b. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Bobrow Bentley J., Panczyk Micah, Subido Cleo. Dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2012 Jun;18(3) doi: 10.1097/mcc.0b013e328351736b. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Ong Marcus Eng Hock, Shin Sang Do, Tanaka Hideharu, Ma Matthew Huei-Ming, Nishiuchi Tatsuya, Lee Eui Jung, Ko Patrick Chow-In, Edwin Doctor Nausheen, Khruekarnchana Pairoj, Naroo Ghulam Yasin, Wong Kwanhathai Darin, Nakagawa Takashi, Ryoo Hyun Wook, Lin Chih-Hao, Goh E-Shaun, Khunkhlai Nalinas, Alsakaf Omer Ahmed, Hisamuddin Nik A.B. Rahman Nik, Bobrow Bentley J., McNally Bryan, Assam Pryseley Nkouibert, Chan Edwin S. Y. Rationale, Methodology, and Implementation of a Dispatcher-assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Trial in the Asia-Pacific (Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study Phase 2) Prehospital Emergency Care. 2014 Aug 25;19(1) doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.942482. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Ong Marcus Eng Hock, Shin Sang Do, Tanaka Hideharu, Ma Matthew Huei-Ming, Nishiuchi Tatsuya, Lee Eui Jung, Ko Patrick Chow-In, Edwin Doctor Nausheen, Khruekarnchana Pairoj, Naroo Ghulam Yasin, Wong Kwanhathai Darin, Nakagawa Takashi, Ryoo Hyun Wook, Lin Chih-Hao, Goh E-Shaun, Khunkhlai Nalinas, Alsakaf Omer Ahmed, Hisamuddin Nik A.B. Rahman Nik, Bobrow Bentley J., McNally Bryan, Assam Pryseley Nkouibert, Chan Edwin S. Y. Rationale, Methodology, and Implementation of a Dispatcher-assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Trial in the Asia-Pacific (Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study Phase 2) Prehospital Emergency Care. 2014 Aug 25;19(1) doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.942482. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Painter Ian, Chavez Devora Eisenberg, Ike Brooke R., Yip Mei Po, Tu Shin Ping, Bradley Steven M., Rea Thomas D., Meischke Hendrika. Changes to DA-CPR instructions: Can we reduce time to first compression and improve quality of bystander CPR? Resuscitation. 2014 Sep;85(9) doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.05.015. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Painter Ian, Chavez Devora Eisenberg, Ike Brooke R., Yip Mei Po, Tu Shin Ping, Bradley Steven M., Rea Thomas D., Meischke Hendrika. Changes to DA-CPR instructions: Can we reduce time to first compression and improve quality of bystander CPR? Resuscitation. 2014 Sep;85(9) doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.05.015. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Perkins Gavin D., Handley Anthony J., Koster Rudolph W., Castrén Maaret, Smyth Michael A., Olasveengen Theresa, Monsieurs Koenraad G., Raffay Violetta, Gräsner Jan-Thorsten, Wenzel Volker, Ristagno Giuseppe, Soar Jasmeet, Bossaert Leo L., Caballero Antonio, Cassan Pascal, Granja Cristina, Sandroni Claudio, Zideman David A., Nolan Jerry P., Maconochie Ian, Greif Robert. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Perkins Gavin D., Handley Anthony J., Koster Rudolph W., Castrén Maaret, Smyth Michael A., Olasveengen Theresa, Monsieurs Koenraad G., Raffay Violetta, Gräsner Jan-Thorsten, Wenzel Volker, Ristagno Giuseppe, Soar Jasmeet, Bossaert Leo L., Caballero Antonio, Cassan Pascal, Granja Cristina, Sandroni Claudio, Zideman David A., Nolan Jerry P., Maconochie Ian, Greif Robert. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95 doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Experiences and Psychological Influences in Lay Rescuers Performing Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

Affiliations

Experiences and Psychological Influences in Lay Rescuers Performing Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

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References

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