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. 2021 Apr;36(4):383-391.
doi: 10.1007/s10654-021-00718-8. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Time-to-pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women

Maria C Magnus  1   2   3 , Abigail Fraser  4   5   6 , Janet W Rich-Edwards  7   8 , Per Magnus  9 , Deborah A Lawlor  4   5   6 , Siri E Håberg  9
Affiliations

Time-to-pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women

Maria C Magnus et al. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

A few studies indicate that women with prolonged time-to-pregnancy (TTP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has not been studied in men. We evaluated CVD risk by self-reported TTP among parous women (n = 64,064) and men (n = 50,533) participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. TTP was categorized as 0-3 (reference), 4-12 and > 12 months. CVD diagnosed between 2008 and 2017 were available from the national patient and general practitioner databases. Risk of CVD by TTP was estimated using Cox regression adjusting for baseline age, education, BMI, smoking, diabetes, and number of offspring in both sexes, and history of endometriosis, ovarian cysts, preterm birth and pre-eclampsia for women. Mean age was 33 for women and 35 for men at baseline (years). The rate of any CVD was 24 per 1000 person years among women and 22 per 1000 person years among men. Longer TTP was associated with increased rate of CVD among women, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.09) for TTP 4-12 months and 1.14 (1.08, 1.20) for TTP > 12 months. Among men, respective HRs for CVD were 1.06 (1.00, 1.10) for TTP 4-12 months and 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) for TTP > 12 months. We observed sex-differences in the relationship with CVD subtypes but none were statistically significant. In conclusion, both men and women with a prolonged TTP had a small increased risk of CVD, clinical significance of which is unclear. Further studies are necessary to investigate in detail what underlying causes of prolonged TTP might be reflected in the increased risk of CVD. Longer follow-up is required to confirm these preliminary findings.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; MoBa; Subfertility; Time-to-pregnancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Deborah A. Lawlor receives (or has received in the last 10 years) research support from National and International government and charitable bodies, Roche Diagnostics and Medtronic for research unrelated to the current work. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Illustration of the eligible study population
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan Meier curves showing the risk of cardiovascular disease across time according to the categories of time-to-pregnancy
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Risk of cardiovascular disease according to time-to-pregnancy among women (n = 65,584) and men (m = 51,039). The reference group are those with a time-to-pregnancy of 3 months or less. Adjusted for age, education, smoking status, body-mass index, diabetes mellitus and number of offspring
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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