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Review
. 2021 Feb;48(2):1773-1786.
doi: 10.1007/s11033-020-06054-6. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Mechanism of tumour microenvironment in the progression and development of oral cancer

Mohd Mughees #  1 , Anindita Sengupta #  1 , Sapna Khowal  1 , Saima Wajid  2
Affiliations
Review

Mechanism of tumour microenvironment in the progression and development of oral cancer

Mohd Mughees et al. Mol Biol Rep. 2021 Feb.

Abstract

Oral cancer has been a major problem all across the globe, majorly in the developing countries. With a growing emphasis in the field of cancer research, the contribution of the tumour microenvironment has been gaining a lot of importance in identifying the role of components other than the tumour cells that cause the development of cancer, thus changing the outlook. The review will shed light on the studies that describe the role of microenvironment, its components as well as summarize the studies related to their mechanism in the progression of oral cancer. The literature for the review was derived mainly from Google Scholar and PubMed, in particular concentrating on the most recent papers published in 2019 and 2020, by using the keywords "Cancer, Oral Cancer, Metastasis, OSCC, Tumour microenvironment, CAFs, ECM, Cytokines, Hypoxia, Therapeutics targeting the microenvironment". The study provides insight into the world of micro-environmental regulation of oral cancer, the mechanism by which they interact and how to exploit it as a potential therapeutic haven for treating the disease. The components Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), Tumour-associated Macrophages (TAMs), Tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs), Hypoxic environment, myeloid-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and T regulatory (Tregs) cells and underlying mechanisms that control them will be the targets of study to understand the microenvironment.

Keywords: CAFs; Cytokines; ECM; Hypoxia; MMP9; Metastasis; Oral cancer; TAMs; Tumour microenvironment.

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