Linear programming produces greater, earlier and uninterrupted neuromuscular and functional adaptations than daily-undulating programming after velocity-based resistance training

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effect of linear (LP) and daily-undulating (DUP) programming models on neuromuscular and functional performance using the velocity-based resistance training (VBRT) approach. Thirty-two resistance trained men were randomly assigned into 2 groups: LP (n = 16) or DUP (n = 16). Both training groups completed an 8-week VBRT intervention using the full squat exercise, only differing in the relative intensity (% 1RM) distribution during the training program. Changes produced by each periodization model were evaluated using the following variables: estimated 1RM; average mean propulsive velocity (MPV) attained for all absolute loads common to Pre-test and Post-test; average MPV attained against absolute loads lifted faster than 1 m•s^-1; average MPV attained against absolute loads lifted slower than 1 m•s ^{- 1}; countermovement jump (CMJ) and fatigue test. Moreover, CMJ and 1RM parameters were evaluated weekly to analyze their evolution along the training program. LP and DUP strategies significantly improved all performance variables analyzed (p<0.001), except the fatigue test in the DUP group. Significant "time x group" interactions were observed in all strength variables and fatigue test in favour of the LP group. In addition, pre-post effect size (ES), percentages of change and weekly comparisons showed higher improvements in the LP group (ES=0.54-2.49, ∆=9.5-60.4%) compared to DUP (ES=0.40-1.65, ∆=5.5-27.2%). Based on these findings, the LP appears to stand as a more effective strategy than DUP to achieve greater, earlier and uninterrupted neuromuscular and functional adaptations in VBRT interventions.

Keywords: Full-squat; Load distribution; Muscle strength; Physical performance; Velocity loss.