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Review
. 2021 Jan 21;9(2):217.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020217.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010-2019

Tang-Chang Xu  1 , Yi-Han Lu  1 , Jun-Fei Wang  1 , Zhi-Qiang Song  1 , Ya-Ge Hou  1 , Si-Si Liu  1 , Chuan-Sheng Liu  1 , Shao-Hua Wu  1
Affiliations
Review

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Diaporthe and Anamorph Phomopsis from Terrestrial and Marine Habitats and Endophytes: 2010-2019

Tang-Chang Xu et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis are distributed worldwide in many ecosystems. They are regarded as potential sources for producing diverse bioactive metabolites. Most species are attributed to plant pathogens, non-pathogenic endophytes, or saprobes in terrestrial host plants. They colonize in the early parasitic tissue of plants, provide a variety of nutrients in the cycle of parasitism and saprophytism, and participate in the basic metabolic process of plants. In the past ten years, many studies have been focused on the discovery of new species and biological secondary metabolites from this genus. In this review, we summarize a total of 335 bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from 26 known species and various unidentified species of Diaporthe and Phomopsis during 2010-2019. Overall, there are 106 bioactive compounds derived from Diaporthe and 246 from Phomopsis, while 17 compounds are found in both of them. They are classified into polyketides, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, ten-membered lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Polyketides constitute the main chemical population, accounting for 64%. Meanwhile, their bioactivities mainly involve cytotoxic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-algae, phytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Diaporthe and Phomopsis exhibit their potent talents in the discovery of small molecules for drug candidates.

Keywords: ascomycetes; biological activities; endophytic fungi; natural products; plant pathogens.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of compounds 1–34 from Phomopsis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of compounds 35–58 from Phomopsis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of compounds 59–95 from Phomopsis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of compounds 96–111 from Phomopsis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of compounds 112–154 from Phomopsis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of compounds 155–171 from Phomopsis.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Chemical structures of compounds 172–199 from Phomopsis.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of compounds 200–209 from Phomopsis.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chemical structures of compounds 210–218 from Phomopsis.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Chemical structures of compounds 219–226 from Phomopsis.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Chemical structures of compounds 227–242 from Phomopsis.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Chemical structures of compounds 243–246 from Phomopsis.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Chemical structures of compounds 247–269 from Diaporthe.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Chemical structures of compounds 270–276 from Diaporthe.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Chemical structures of compounds 277–294 from Diaporthe.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Chemical structures of compounds 295–301 from Diaporthe.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Chemical structures of compounds 302–314 from Diaporthe.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Chemical structures of compounds 315–329 from Diaporthe.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Chemical structures of compounds 330–335 from Diaporthe.
Figure 20
Figure 20
(a) The proportion of structural types of bioactive compounds from Diaporthe; (b) The proportion of structural types of bioactive compounds from Phomopsis.
Figure 21
Figure 21
The distribution of main bioactivities of compounds isolated from Diaporthe and Phomopsis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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