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Observational Study
. 2021 Feb 8;7(2):e25452.
doi: 10.2196/25452.

Clinical Characterization of Patients With COVID-19 in Primary Care in Catalonia: Retrospective Observational Study

Miguel Angel Mayer  1 , Josep Vidal-Alaball  2   3 , Anna Puigdellívol-Sánchez  4   5   6 , Francesc X Marín Gomez  2   3 , Angela Leis  1 , Jacobo Mendioroz Peña  2   7
Affiliations
Observational Study

Clinical Characterization of Patients With COVID-19 in Primary Care in Catalonia: Retrospective Observational Study

Miguel Angel Mayer et al. JMIR Public Health Surveill. .

Abstract

Background: The country of Spain has one of the highest incidences of COVID-19, with more than 1,000,000 cases as of the end of October 2020. Patients with a history of chronic conditions, obesity, and cancer are at greater risk from COVID-19; moreover, concerns surrounding the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin type II receptor blockers (ARBs) and its relationship to COVID-19 susceptibility have increased since the beginning of the pandemic.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 to those of patients without COVID-19 in primary care; to determine the risk factors associated with the outcome of mortality; and to determine the potential influence of certain medications, such as ACEIs and ARBs, on the mortality of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: An observational retrospective study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Catalan Central Region of Spain between March 1 and August 17, 2020, was conducted. The data were obtained from the Primary Care Services Information Technologies System of the Catalan Institute of Health in Barcelona, Spain.

Results: The study population included 348,596 patients (aged >15 years) registered in the Primary Care Services Information Technologies System of the Catalan Central Region. The mean age of the patients was 49.53 years (SD 19.42), and 31.17% of the patients were aged ≥60 years. 175,484/348,596 patients (50.34%) were women. A total of 23,844/348,596 patients (6.84%) in the population studied were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, and the most common clinical conditions of these patients were hypertension (5267 patients, 22.1%) and obesity (5181 patients, 21.7%). Overall, 2680/348,596 patients in the study population (0.77%) died during the study period. The number of deaths among patients without COVID-19 was 1825/324,752 (0.56%; mean age 80.6 years, SD 13.3), while among patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the number of deaths was 855/23,844 (3.58%; mean age 83.0 years, SD 10.80) with an OR of 6.58 (95% CI 6.06-7.15).

Conclusions: We observed that women were more likely to contract COVID-19 than men. In addition, our study did not show that hypertension, obesity, or being treated with ACEIs or ARBs was linked to an increase in mortality in patients with COVID-19. Age is the main factor associated with mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords: COVID-19; Spain; angiotensin II type 2 receptor blockers; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; characteristic; mortality; observational; primary health care; retrospective; risk; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19. The associations of each risk factor were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex; sex was adjusted for age, and age was adjusted for sex. ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor blockers; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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