Using Salivary MMP-9 to Successfully Quantify Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract

Periodontitis is one of the most common immune-mediated inflammatory conditions resulting in progressive destruction of periodontium. Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of gelatin and collagen and present in the gingival crevicular fluid, is markedly increased in periodontitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of periodontal treatment either alone or in combination with orthodontic treatment on MMP-9 levels. In this study, 60 individuals were subjected to periodontal treatment (PD) or periodontal treatment combined with orthodontic treatment (POD). Both periodontal and periodontal plus orthodontic treatments significantly improved clinical parameters and lowered MMP-9 levels compared to control group. However, the combination of periodontal with orthodontic treatment further improved clinical parameters and enhanced the lowering effect on MMP-9 levels compared to periodontal or control groups alone. Finally, the degree of malocclusion significantly affected the effect of the treatment on MPP-9 levels with PD treatment having the most pronounced effect. We concluded that salivary MMP-9 can serve to accurately predict the level of inflammation in affected periodontal tissues during orthodontic treatment that is also associated with the type of malocclusion, making it a viable diagnosis tool in monitoring the progression of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment.

Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase; periodontitis; saliva.

Figure 1

The means value of MMP-9 [ng/mL] in patients with periodontal disease prior and after periodontal treatment (PD) and periodontal and orthodontic treatment (POD) treatment; (*) indicates that marked effects are significant at p < 0.05.

Figure 2

The means value of MMP-9 in patients with periodontal disease, in relation to angle class; (*) indicates that marked effects are significant at p < 0.05.