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Review
. 2021 Jan 23;13(3):422.
doi: 10.3390/cancers13030422.

Emerging Roles of Urine-Derived Components for the Management of Bladder Cancer: One Man's Trash Is Another Man's Treasure

Sarah Minkler  1   2 , Fabrice Lucien  3 , Michael J Kimber  2 , Dipak K Sahoo  1   4 , Agnes Bourgois-Mochel  4 , Margaret Musser  4 , Chad Johannes  4 , Igor Frank  3 , John Cheville  3 , Karin Allenspach  1   4 , Jonathan P Mochel  1   2   5
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Roles of Urine-Derived Components for the Management of Bladder Cancer: One Man's Trash Is Another Man's Treasure

Sarah Minkler et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in humans, with an estimated global prevalence of 1.1 million cases over 5 years. Because of its high rates of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, UBC is one of the most expensive cancers to treat, resulting in significant health care costs. The development of innovative molecular and cellular tools is necessary to refine patient stratification and help predict response to treatment. Urine is an underused resource of biological components shed from bladder tumors, such as exfoliated cells and extracellular vesicles, that could serve as molecular fingerprints and provide valuable biological insights into tumor phenotype and mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, characterization of urine-derived extracellular vesicles and cells could be used as reliable biomarkers for prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy.

Keywords: bladder cancer; exosomes; one health; organoids; precision medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

K.A. and J.P.M. are co-founders of 3D Health Solutions Inc, a start-up entity from Iowa State University that develops 3D organoid systems for drug screening. The authors declare no other conflict of interest.

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