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. 2020;4(3):67-76.
Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, resistant hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Shazia Jehan  1 , Ferdinand Zizi  1 , Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal  2 , Samy I McFarlane  3 , Girardin Jean-Louis  1 , Alyson K Myers  4
Affiliations

Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, resistant hypertension and cardiovascular disease

Shazia Jehan et al. Sleep Med Disord. 2020.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common causes of hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is also a quite common underlying factor in resistant HTN (RHTN). The main etiological factor of OSA is obesity, which is a rapidly growing global epidemic. To control obesity, patients should be encouraged by health care professionals to lose weight and be educated about weight loss strategies such as lifestyle modifications, which include regular exercise, low-calorie diet, low sodium intake, smoking cessation, and decreased alcohol consumption. This review also emphasizes the importance of screening for OSA as the major underlying cause of essential, and RHTN, which can lead to CVD and can cause end-organ damage. It also stresses the importance of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and its beneficial effects, along with other antihypertensive regimens, in treating HTN, and RHTN. Treatment with CPAP therapy decreases sympathetic activity, high blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and CVD as well as its associated mortality.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; continuous positive airway pressure; hypertension; obstructive sleep apnea; resistant hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
OSA etiology and its related comorbidities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
OSA, HTN and other correlated comorbidity pathogenesis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CPAP therapy and its beneficial effects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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