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. 2021 Aug 16;73(4):e947-e954.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab060.

Effect of Vaccination on Preventing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children During a Severe Season Associated With B/Victoria Viruses, 2019-2020

Angela P Campbell  1 , Constance Ogokeh  1   2 , Geoffrey A Weinberg  3 , Julie A Boom  4   5 , Janet A Englund  6 , John V Williams  7 , Natasha B Halasa  8 , Rangaraj Selvarangan  9   10 , Mary A Staat  11   12 , Eileen J Klein  6 , Monica McNeal  11   12 , Marian G Michaels  7 , Leila C Sahni  4   5 , Laura S Stewart  8 , Peter G Szilagyi  3   13 , Christopher J Harrison  9 , Joana Y Lively  14   15 , Brian Rha  14 , Manish Patel  1 ; New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN)
Collaborators, Affiliations

Effect of Vaccination on Preventing Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations Among Children During a Severe Season Associated With B/Victoria Viruses, 2019-2020

Angela P Campbell et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: The 2019-2020 influenza season was characterized by early onset with B/Victoria followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Emergence of new B/Victoria viruses raised concerns about possible vaccine mismatch. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among children in the United States.

Methods: We assessed VE among children aged 6 months-17 years with acute respiratory illness and ≤10 days of symptoms enrolled at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Combined midturbinate/throat swabs were tested for influenza virus using molecular assays. Vaccination history was collected from parental report, state immunization information systems, and/or provider records. We estimated VE from a test-negative design using logistic regression to compare odds of vaccination among children testing positive vs negative for influenza.

Results: Among 2029 inpatients, 335 (17%) were influenza positive: 37% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 44% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone. VE was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52%-71%) for influenza-related hospitalizations, 54% (95% CI, 33%-69%) for B/Victoria viruses, and 64% (95% CI, 49%-75%) for A(H1N1)pdm09. Among 2102 ED patients, 671 (32%) were influenza positive: 47% with influenza B/Victoria alone and 42% with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 alone. VE was 56% (95% CI, 46%-65%) for an influenza-related ED visit, 55% (95% CI, 40%-66%) for B/Victoria viruses, and 53% (95% CI, 37%-65%) for A(H1N1)pdm09.

Conclusions: Influenza vaccination provided significant protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations and ED visits associated with the 2 predominantly circulating influenza viruses among children, including against the emerging B/Victoria virus subclade.

Keywords: children; influenza; test-negative design; vaccination.

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