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. 2021 Aug;66(8):747-756.
doi: 10.1177/0706743720987902. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Increases in Serious Psychological Distress among Ontario Students between 2013 and 2017: Assessing the Impact of Time Spent on Social Media

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Increases in Serious Psychological Distress among Ontario Students between 2013 and 2017: Assessing the Impact of Time Spent on Social Media

Steven Cook et al. Can J Psychiatry. 2021 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the current research was to examine the association between time spent on social media and serious psychological distress between 2013 and 2017, a period when the rates of both were trending upward.

Methods: The current study analyzed population-based data from 3 waves of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (N = 15,398). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between time spent on social media and serious psychological distress controlling for theoretically relevant covariates. Interactions were tested to assess whether the association changed over time.

Results: The prevalence of serious psychological distress increased from 10.9% in 2013 to 16.8% in 2017 concomitantly with substantial increases in social media usage, especially at the highest levels. In the multivariate context, we found a significant interaction between social media use and the survey year which indicates that the association between time spent on social media and psychological distress has decreased from 2013 to 2017.

Conclusion: Although both social media use and psychological distress increased between 2013 and 2017, the interaction between these variables indicates that the strength of this association has decreased over time. This finding suggests that the higher rate of heavy social media use in 2017 compared to 2013 is not actually associated with the higher rate of serious psychological distress during the same time period. From a diffusion of innovation perspective, it is possible that more recent adopters of social media may be less prone to psychological distress. More research is needed to understand the complex and evolving association between social media use and psychological distress. Researchers attempting to isolate the factors associated with the recent increases in psychological distress could benefit from broadening their investigation to factors beyond time spent on social media.

Objectif :: L’objectif de la présente recherche était d’examiner l’association entre le temps passé sur les réseaux sociaux et la détresse psychologique sérieuse entre 2013 et 2017, période où les taux indiquaient une tendance à la hausse.

Méthodes :: La présente étude a analysé les données dans la population de trois cycles de l’Enquête sur la consommation de drogues et la santé des élèves de l’Ontario (OSDUHS; n = 15 398). Des modèles de régression logistique multivariée ont servi à examiner l’association entre le temps passé sur les réseaux sociaux et la détresse psychologique sérieuse en contrôlant pour les covariables théoriquement pertinentes. Les interactions ont été vérifiées pour évaluer si l’association changeait avec le temps.

Résultats :: La prévalence de la détresse psychologique sérieuse s’est accrue de 10,9% en 2013 à 16,8% en 2017 parallèlement aux augmentations substantielles de l’utilisation des médias sociaux, spécialement aux niveaux les plus élevés. Dans le contexte multivarié, nous avons observé une interaction significative entre l’utilisation des médias sociaux et l’année de l’enquête qui indique que l’association entre le temps passé sur les médias sociaux et la détresse psychologique a diminué de 2013 à 2017.

Conclusions :: Bien que l’utilisation des médias sociaux et la détresse psychologique aient augmenté entre 2013 et 2017, l’interaction entre ces variables indique que la force de cette association a décru avec le temps. Ce résultat suggère que le taux plus élevé d’utilisation lourde des médias sociaux en 2017 comparé à 2013, n’est pas réellement associé au taux plus élevé de la détresse psychologique sérieuse, durant la même période. Une diffusion d’une perspective d’innovation laisse croire qu’il est possible que les adeptes plus récents des médias sociaux soient moins portés sur la détresse psychologique. Il faut plus de recherche pour comprendre l’association complexe et évolutive entre l’utilisation des médias sociaux et la détresse psychologique. Les chercheurs qui tentent d’isoler les facteurs associés aux augmentations récentes de la détresse psychologique pourraient bénéficier d’élargir leur investigation aux facteurs au-delà du temps passé sur les médias sociaux.

Keywords: adolescence; mental health; psychological distress; repeated cross-sectional design; social media interaction; social media use.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Predicted probability of serious psychological distress by social media use, 2013 to 2017 OSDUHS. OSDUHS = Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey.

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