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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 May;59(5):851-858.
doi: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1881970. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Asthma and COVID-19; different entities, same outcome: a meta-analysis of 107,983 patients

Mohammad H Hussein  1 , Rami M Elshazli  2 , Abdallah S Attia  1 , Therese P Nguyen  3 , Mohamed Aboueisha  1 , Ruhul Munshi  4 , Eman A Toraih  1   5 , Manal S Fawzy  6   7 , Emad Kandil  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Asthma and COVID-19; different entities, same outcome: a meta-analysis of 107,983 patients

Mohammad H Hussein et al. J Asthma. 2022 May.

Abstract

Objective: There are varying reports of the prevalence and effect of comorbid asthma in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. We sought to conduct a meta-analysis comparing asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients to determine the clinical significance of preexisting asthma in COVID-19 patients.

Data sources: Online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched up to July 15, 2020, for papers comparing asthma versus non-asthma COVID-19 patients.

Study selection: According to prespecified inclusion criteria, this analysis included eleven retrospective studies with 107,983 COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analysis was performed based on age groups.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.9 years (95%CI = 51.9-67.9). Across studies, the prevalence of asthma was 11.2% (95%CI: 9.1%-13.3%) among COVID-19 patients who attended the hospitals. Asthma patients were more likely to be younger (SMD = -0.36, 95%CI = -0.61 to -0.10, p = 0.005), and obese (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.54-2.55, p < 0.001), there was no differential risk of hospitalization rate, ICU admission, or development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) between asthmatic and non-asthmatic cohorts. However, asthmatic patients had increased risk of endotracheal intubation (RR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.02-1.58, p = 0.030) especially patients aged <50 years (RR = 6.68, 95%CI = 1.76-11.13, p = 0.009). Despite this result, asthmatic patients had better recovery with a higher liability of being discharged and were less likely to die (RR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.65-0.97, p = 0.026).

Conclusion: To our knowledge, our meta-analysis is the largest to shed light on preexisting asthma as a predictor of intubation in COVID-19, especially in young and obese patients. Identifying high-risk groups is crucial for designing more effective intervention plans and optimization of efficient resource allocation.

Keywords: ARDS; COVID-19; ICU; SARS-CoV-2; asthma; intubation.

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