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Review
. 2021 Jan 11:10:595613.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.595613. eCollection 2020.

Tumor Profiling at the Service of Cancer Therapy

Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla  1 , Ana Rita Simões  1 , Matilde E Lleonart  2   3 , Amancio Carnero  3   4 , Ángel Carracedo  1   5
Affiliations
Review

Tumor Profiling at the Service of Cancer Therapy

Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Cancer treatment options have evolved significantly in the past few years. From the initial surgical procedures, to the latest next-generation technologies, we are now in the position to analyze and understand tumors in a one-by-one basis and use that to our advantage to provide with individualized treatment options that may increase patient survival. In this review, we will focus on how tumor profiling has evolved over the past decades to deliver more efficient and personalized treatment options, and how novel technologies can help us envisage the future of precision oncology toward a better management and, ultimately, increased survival.

Keywords: cancer treatment; immunotherapy; omics; personalized medicine; precision oncology; profiling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hallmarks of cancer and therapeutic implications. Adapted from (3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
PD-1/PDL-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) mechanisms of action in immunotherapy (adapted from NCI – www.cancer.gov).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). CMS showing their main molecular features. Adapted from (105). This subtyping has influence on choice of therapeutic strategy and also has prognostic value at the therapeutic level. CMS1 cancers have an indication to be treated with immunotherapy and better prognosis than CMS2-4.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Breast cancer subtypes. From morphology, to immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic classifications (106), breast cancer subtypes have also a deep influence on therapeutic strategy. As reflected in the figure, Luminal A tumors will be treated with endocrine therapy and have the best prognosis among all subtypes, whereas triple negative cancers have the worst prognosis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Depiction on how tumor clonal evolution can be integrated into therapy. The figure represents how the tracking of the different clones/mutations can be used to predict treatment response and guide therapeutic decisions. Adapted from (173).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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