A Preliminary Study: Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the Meat and Feces of Various South African Wildlife Species

Abstract

This study determined the antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the raw meat and feces of three game species from three different farms across South Africa. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines. E. coli was tested against ampicillin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline. S. aureus was tested against tetracycline, erthromycin, vancomycin, penicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin. There were no significant differences in the E. coli antibiotic resistance profiles between the meat and fecal samples (except towards ceftazidime where 5% of the meat isolates were resistant and 0% of the fecal isolates). The S. aureus meat isolates showed high (75%) resistance towards penicillin and on average, 13% were resistant to oxacillin/ cefoxitin, indicating methicillin resistance. The results from this study indicate that there is incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria from the feces and meat of wildlife species across South Africa, suggesting that cross contamination of the meat occurred during slaughter by antibiotic resistant bacteria from the abattoir personnel or equipment and or from carcass fecal matter. In addition, the results highlight the importance of food safety and hygiene procedures during slaughter to prevent cross-contamination of antibiotic resistant bacteria, as well as pathogens, onto raw meat.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; bacteria; game; pathogen.

Fig. 1.. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates from meat (n=22) and fecal samples (n=45) from springbok, bontebok and impala to ampicillin (AMP) p>0.05, ceftazidime (CAZ) p≤0.05, chloramphenicol (C) p>0.05, streptomycin (ST) p>0.05, sulphafurazole (SF) p>0.05 and tetracycline (TE) p>0.05.

Fig. 2.. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of S. aureus isolates (n=16) from meat samples from springbok and bontebok to tetracycline (TE), erthromycin (E), vancomycin (VA), penicillin (P) and oxacillin (OX) / cefoxitin (FOX).