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Review
. 2021 Jan 27;193(2):92.
doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08891-9.

Determination of trace elements in the nanometer, ultrafine, fine, and coarse particulate matters in an area affected by light vehicular emissions in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Simone Lorena Quiterio de Souza  1 , Eduardo Monteiro Martins  2   3 , Sergio Machado Corrêa  3 , Josiane Loyola da Silva  4 , Roger Rodrigues de Castro  2 , Flávia de Souza Assed  3
Affiliations
Review

Determination of trace elements in the nanometer, ultrafine, fine, and coarse particulate matters in an area affected by light vehicular emissions in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Simone Lorena Quiterio de Souza et al. Environ Monit Assess. .

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the trace element composition in the nanometric, ultrafine, fine, and coarse particulate matters (PM) found in the surrounding area of the UERJ Chemical Technology Applications Institute, using a MSP 120 MOUDI II cascade impactor. After acid extraction, the elements were analyzed via ICP-OES, and the results obtained were treated statistically. The average concentrations of the nanometric, ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles were 11.8, 8.2, 7.7, and 7.1 μg m-3, respectively. The total average concentration of Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Fe complied with the air quality standards recommended by US EPA and WHO. When compared with other locations, the PM fractions found in this study were 1.1 to 346 times greater. Through the calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient, a high correlation was observed between most of the trace elements studied, especially in the ultrafine, fine, and coarse fractions, which suggests that they are probably caused by the same sources of vehicular emissions. The enrichment factor was calculated to estimate the possible sources. Since Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mo are enriched by anthropic sources, they are probably influenced by vehicular emissions, in particular the wear on tires and brakes, and the burning of fossil fuel.

Keywords: MOUDI; Nanoparticles; Particulate matter; Vehicular emissions.

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