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. 2021 Jan 28;11(1):2411.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81622-9.

Novel gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome of Muraenesox cinereus and the phylogenetic relationship of Anguilliformes

Kun Zhang  1   2 , Kehua Zhu  1   2 , Yifan Liu  3   4 , Hua Zhang  5 , Li Gong  1   2 , Lihua Jiang  1   2 , Liqin Liu  1   2 , Zhenming Lü  1   2 , Bingjian Liu  6   7   8
Affiliations

Novel gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial genome of Muraenesox cinereus and the phylogenetic relationship of Anguilliformes

Kun Zhang et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The structure and gene sequence of the fish mitochondrial genome are generally considered to be conservative. However, two types of gene arrangements are found in the mitochondrial genome of Anguilliformes. In this paper, we report a complete mitogenome of Muraenesox cinereus (Anguilliformes: Muraenesocidae) with rearrangement phenomenon. The total length of the M. cinereus mitogenome was 17,673 bp, and it contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two identical control regions (CRs). The mitochondrial genome of M. cinereus was obviously rearranged compared with the mitochondria of typical vertebrates. The genes ND6 and the conjoint trnE were translocated to the location between trnT and trnP, and one of the duplicated CR was translocated to the upstream of the ND6. The tandem duplication and random loss is most suitable for explaining this mitochondrial gene rearrangement. The Anguilliformes phylogenetic tree constructed based on the whole mitochondrial genome well supports Congridae non-monophyly. These results provide a basis for the future Anguilliformes mitochondrial gene arrangement characteristics and further phylogenetic research.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Muraenesox cinereus mitochondrial genome visualization ring diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Amino acid composition (a) and Relative synonymous codon usage (b) in Muraenesox cinereus mitogenome.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The secondary structure of tRNA in the mitochondrial genome of Muraenesox cinereus.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Compositional features of the control region of the Muraenesox cinereus mitochondrial genome. Palindromic motif sequence “TACAT’ and ‘ATGTA’ are marked in yellow and green respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Analysis of Muraenesox cinereus mitochondrial gene rearrangement.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the 12 PCGs in the mitogenome. The numbers beside the nodes are posterior probabilities (BI, bottom) and bootstrap (ML, top). Red ellipse: gene rearrangement occurs; cyan ellipse: no gene rearrangement occurs.
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