Outcomes Following the Use of Subtalar Arthroereisis in the Correction of Adult Acquired Flatfoot: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a condition affecting approximately 3% of the adult population. It can lead to severe morbidity, and therefore, prompt treatment is of the upmost importance in maintaining and restoring function. Recently, the use of subtalar arthroereisis has become more widespread in the treatment of AAFD. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the clinical and radiological outcomes of AAFD when treated with subtalar arthroereisis.

Methods: Studies involving the use of subtalar arthroereisis for the management of AAFD were reviewed, and appropriate studies selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were reviewed for both clinical and radiological outcomes following the use of subtalar arthroereisis as well as reported complications.

Results: Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, with most of these involving stage II AAFD. A total of 190 subtalar arthroereisis procedures were performed with all studies demonstrating improvement in both clinical and radiological scores with a low rate of complications.

Conclusion: Subtalar arthroereisis may have benefits when used as an adjunct to treat stage II AAFD. However, more high-quality studies are needed to establish its best use.

Levels of evidence: Level IV: Systematic review.

Keywords: adult flatfoot; reconstruction; subtalar arthroereisis; tibialis posterior.