Parameters Identification of the Anand Material Model for 3D Printed Structures

Abstract

Currently, there is an increasing use of machine parts manufactured using 3D printing technology. For the numerical prediction of the behavior of such printed parts, it is necessary to choose a suitable material model and the corresponding material parameters. This paper focuses on the determination of material parameters of the Anand material model for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS-M30) material. Material parameters were determined using the genetic algorithm (GA) method using finite element method (FEM) calculations. The FEM simulations were subsequently adjusted to experimental tests carried out to achieve the possible best agreement. Several experimental tensile and indentation tests were performed. The tests were set up in such a way that the relaxation and creep behaviors were at least partially captured. Experimental tests were performed at temperatures of 23 °C, 44 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. The results obtained suggest that the Anand material model can also be used for ABS-M30 plastic material, but only if the goal is not to detect anisotropic behavior. Future work will focus on the search for a suitable material model that would be able to capture the anisotropic behavior of printed plastic materials.

Keywords: ABS-M30; Anand material model; genetic algorithm; indentation test; material parameters.

Figure 1

(a) The Testometric M500-50CT tensile testing machine equipped with a temperature chamber. (b) The position of specimens during 3D printing and the method used to layer the material.

Figure 2

Specimen shape for simple and graded tensile tests.

Figure 3

(a) Tensile tests at temperatures of 44 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C, with constant rates of deformation at 0.017 mm s⁻¹. (b) Tensile tests at 23 °C and at a constant rate of deformation of 1.667 mm s⁻¹. (c) Tensile tests at a temperature of 44 °C, with two different rates of deformation. (d) Tensile tests at 60 °C, with three different rates of deformation. (e) Graduated tensile tests under three different temperatures of 44 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. (f) Indentation tests with time delay at temperatures of 23 °C, 44 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C, with a constant indenter rate of 0.017 mm s⁻¹.

Figure 4

Comparison of experiments with FEM solutions: (a) indentation test at 23 °C; (b) tensile test at 23 °C and rate of deformation of 1.667 mm s⁻¹.

Figure 5

Comparison of experiments with FEM solutions (continuation): (a) tensile test at 60 °C and rate of deformation of 0.017 mm s⁻¹; (b) tensile test 60 °C and rate of deformation of 0.167 mm s⁻¹; (c) indentation test at 60 °C; (d) tensile test at 60 °C and rate of deformation of 1.667 mm s⁻¹; (e) graded tensile test at 60 °C; (f) tensile test at 80 °C and rate of deformation of 0.017 mm s⁻¹; (g) indentation test at 80 °C; (h) graded tensile test at 80 °C.

Figure 5

Comparison of experiments with FEM solutions (continuation): (a) tensile test at 60 °C and rate of deformation of 0.017 mm s⁻¹; (b) tensile test 60 °C and rate of deformation of 0.167 mm s⁻¹; (c) indentation test at 60 °C; (d) tensile test at 60 °C and rate of deformation of 1.667 mm s⁻¹; (e) graded tensile test at 60 °C; (f) tensile test at 80 °C and rate of deformation of 0.017 mm s⁻¹; (g) indentation test at 80 °C; (h) graded tensile test at 80 °C.

Figure 6

Comparison of FEM solutions with validation experiments at 44 °C: (a) simple tensile test at rate of deformation of 0.017 mm s⁻¹; (b) simple tensile test at rate of deformation of 0.167 mm s⁻¹; (c) graded tensile test; (d) indentation experiment.