Surgically Treated Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Outcome Predictors and the Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy

Abstract

Objectives: Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCCHN) is associated with poor outcome despite multimodality therapy. Comprehensive risk stratification may pinpoint the most suitable adjuvant treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of surgically treated locoregional CSCCHN and to identify prognostic indicators of treatment outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed disease variables, pathologic characteristics, and management in association with treatment outcomes of all consecutive advanced CSCCHN patients who underwent surgical resection at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center.

Results: From 2008 to 2018, 74 patients met the inclusion criteria. Only perineural invasion (PNI) was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = .001). Location within the facial "mask areas" was significantly associated with pathologically negative cervical disease (P = .001). Forty-seven patients underwent adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) which significantly improved OS and disease-free survival versus surgery alone (P = .025 and P = 0.035, respectively).

Conclusion: PNI was associated with worse OS in surgically treated advanced CSCCHN. Adjuvant RT conferred better outcomes despite high risk features.

Keywords: adjuvant radiotherapy; cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; neck dissection; recurrence; survival.