Macitentan in infants and children with pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease. Feasibility, tolerability and practical issues - a single-centre experience

Abstract

Macitentan is a safe and effective substance for treatment of adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Data on its use in paediatric patients are limited. In this single-centre prospective study, we report on our experience with macitentan in children focusing on applicability and practical aspects. Between December 2014 and July 2018, macitentan was introduced to paediatric patients according to a dosing protocol adjusted to body weight. Blood pressure, heart rate, saturation and clinical symptoms were recorded daily during introduction. Liver function parameters and haemoglobin levels were measured at baseline, four weeks and three months after initiation and after one year of treatment. Twenty-four patients (14 male, 10 female) were enrolled for treatment with macitentan. The mean age was 10.7 ± 7.6 years (range: 0.1 year-23 years). Fifteen out of 24 patients were World Health Organization functional class (FC) II, 7 patients in FC III and 2 patients in FC IV. Twenty out of 24 patients (83%) received additional advanced therapy with sildenafil and/or prostacyclines. We had two early discontinuations because of clinical relevant oedema. In the remaining 22 patients, macitentan was well tolerated. Liver function parameters and blood count levels remained stable during the observational time. The introduction of macitentan was feasible and mostly well tolerated in paediatric patients. Special attention should be paid to oedema during introduction of the drug. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on its applicability in infants and children. However, larger prospective trials are warranted to verify these preliminary findings.

Keywords: endothelin receptor antagonist; infants; oedema; paediatric; pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Fig. 1.

Liver function parameter (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP)) before treatment, three months after treatment and one year after treatment.

Fig. 2.

Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HKT) before treatment, three months after treatment and one year after treatment.

Fig. 3.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) levels before treatment, three months after treatment and one year after treatment.

Fig. 4.

proBNP levels before, three months and one year after treatment. BNP: brain natriuretic peptide.