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Observational Study
. 2021 Jul;131(7):1608-1614.
doi: 10.1002/lary.29395. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Determination of Retronasal Olfactory Threshold Values

Hüseyin Özay  1 , Aslı Çakır Çetin  1 , Mustafa Cenk Ecevit  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Determination of Retronasal Olfactory Threshold Values

Hüseyin Özay et al. Laryngoscope. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to generate normative data of retronasal olfactory threshold values for normosmic and hyposmic individuals and to test the validity of that data by determining the discriminative power for normosmic/hyposmic differentiation.

Study design: Prospective, descriptive and methodological study.

Methods: The orthonasal olfactory function of 20 normosmic and 20 hyposmic cases was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory test. Sniffin' Sticks odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification values and threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores were recorded. A 13-item test battery previously prepared in our Rhinology Laboratory for retronasal olfactory threshold test that consisted of concentrated solutions prepared from 2:1 diluted 99% phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and water was used. Each concentration was evaluated with water control, and if not answered correctly, the same process was continued by moving to a higher concentration series. Four consecutive correct answers were determined as the patient's retronasal olfactory threshold.

Results: A strong correlation was found between Sniffin' Sticks TDI scores and retronasal odor threshold values in the normosmic group (P < .001, r:0.67). A very strong correlation was found between Sniffin' Sticks TDI scores and retronasal olfactory threshold values in the hyposmic group (P < .001, r:0.81). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the sensitivity and the specificity of normosmic/hyposmic differentiation of retronasal olfactory threshold test was 95% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic cutoff value was 8.5.

Conclusions: This study shows that the retronasal olfactory test, a psychophysical odor test performed using an orally presented stimulus, can be used to differentiate normosmic and hyposmic cases.

Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1608-1614, 2021.

Keywords: Odor threshold; olfactory tests; orthonasal olfaction; retronasal olfaction; retronasal olfactory threshold; smell.

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